Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas, a gland located behind the stomach that plays a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. This condition occurs when digestive enzymes become activated while still in the pancreas, leading to inflammation and damage to the pancreatic tissue.
The most common causes of acute pancreatitis include gallstones, which can block the pancreatic duct, and chronic, heavy alcohol consumption. Other causes may include certain medications, high triglyceride levels, and abdominal trauma.
Symptoms of acute pancreatitis typically include severe abdominal pain that often radiates to the back, nausea, vomiting, fever, and a rapid pulse. The pain may be sudden and intense, and it usually worsens after eating.
Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests, imaging studies like CT scans or ultrasounds, and a thorough medical history. Treatment often involves hospitalization, where patients receive intravenous fluids, pain relief, and sometimes antibiotics. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or address complications like infected pancreatic tissue.
Most cases of acute pancreatitis resolve with proper treatment, but severe cases can lead to complications such as pancreatic necrosis, organ failure, or infection. Early detection and treatment are key to a favourable outcome.
To prevent acute pancreatitis, managing risk factors is essential. This includes avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy diet, and managing conditions like high cholesterol and gallstones.