Esophahus Cancer

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What is esophageal cancer?

A malignant tumor arising from the esophagus is called esophageal cancer. It can occur any where in the esophagus from the origin in throat to the stomach. More commonly occurs in Men than in Women.

What are types of esophageal cancer?
  • • Esophageal Squamous cell carcinoma: This effects the squamous cells that line the inner walls of the upper and mid-portion of the esophagus
  • • Adenocarcinoma of esophagus: It effects the Glandular cells in the lower portion of the esophagus.
  • • Adenocarcinoma of Gastro Esophageal Junction: A special subset of cancers where the glandular cells in the transition zone of Esophagus and Stomach are involved.
What are causes of esophageal cancer?

Alteration in the cellular makeup in the esophageal cells causing mutations leading to rapid growth of the tissue forming a tumor.

    The conditions that may predispose to such events are

  • 1. Smoking and Alcohol
  • 2. Chronic acid reflux disease
  • 3. Barrett’s esophagus
  • 4. Achalasia cardia
  • 5. Obesity or Overweight 6. Family history
  • 6. Family history
What are symptoms of Esophageal cancer?

Esophageal cancer remain silent without any symptoms as such until it grows larger to make difficult to pass food through it. However, following symptoms demand immediate consultation with the doctor for further investigation for diagnosis of esophagus cancer:

  • 1. Dysphagia, Difficulty in swallowing.
  • 2. Weight loss
  • 3. Blood in vomitus or black color stools
  • 4. Change In Voice
  • 5. Cough
How is esophageal cancer diagnosed?

Depending on the symptoms with which a patient presents to the clinician the following tests may be done

  • 1. Barium Swallow
  • 2. Endoscopy with biopsy
  • 3. Contrast enhanced CT scan
  • 4. PET-CT scan
What are the treatment options for Esophageal cancer?

Surgery for esophageal cancer involves the removal of the entire esophagus along with the removal of surrounding lymph node tissue. It May be done using Laparoscope/Thoracoscope(Key-hole surgery) or in Open conventional methods.

If Surgery is not feasible a stent can be placed across the block which allows the patient to take food.

Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy will be given before or after the surgery depending on the stage of the cancer and patient status.

Targeted therapy, and photodynamic therapy can be considered in few subset of patients depending on the clinical subset.