Portal Hypertension ( Liver )

What is Portal Hypertension?

Portal hypertension is a condition where there is increased blood pressure within the portal vein, the major vein that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver. This condition often arises due to liver disease, such as cirrhosis, which causes scarring and blocks blood flow through the liver.

Causes

• • Cirrhosis: The most common cause, where liver scarring restricts blood flow.
• • Blood Clots: In the portal vein or related vessels.
• • Liver Diseases: Such as hepatitis or fatty liver disease.

Symptoms Portal hypertension can lead to a variety of symptoms, including:

• • Varices: Enlarged veins in the esophagus or stomach, which can bleed.
• • Ascites: Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
• • Splenomegaly: Enlarged spleen.
• • Hepatic Encephalopathy: Confusion or altered mental state due to toxins in the blood.

Diagnosis Portal hypertension is diagnosed through a combination of physical exams, blood tests, and imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI. Endoscopy may be used to check for varices.

Treatment

• • Medications: To lower blood pressure in the portal vein or prevent complications.
• • Endoscopic Therapy: To treat or prevent variceal bleeding.
• • Shunt Surgery: To reroute blood flow around the liver.
• • Liver Transplant: In severe cases, especially when cirrhosis is advanced.

Prognosis The outlook for portal hypertension depends on the underlying cause and the effectiveness of treatment. Managing the condition requires ongoing medical care to prevent or address complications.