A liver abscess is a pocket of pus that forms in the liver due to an infection. It can be caused by bacteria, parasites, or fungi. The most common type is a pyogenic liver abscess, typically resulting from a bacterial infection, while amoebic liver abscesses are caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica.
Liver abscesses often arise due to infections spreading from other parts of the body, such as the biliary tract (gallbladder or bile ducts), the gastrointestinal tract, or via the bloodstream. Risk factors include conditions like diabetes, liver disease, and a weakened immune system.
Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans, which can detect the abscess. Blood tests and sometimes a sample of the pus (obtained via needle aspiration) are used to identify the specific cause of the infection.
Treatment involves draining the abscess, usually through a needle inserted into the liver under imaging guidance, combined with antibiotics or antiparasitic medications, depending on the underlying cause. In severe cases or if the abscess is difficult to access, surgery may be necessary.
With prompt treatment, the prognosis for liver abscesses is generally good, but delayed treatment can lead to serious complications, including sepsis or rupture of the abscess, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial.